Crohn's Disease Diagnosis

Crohn's Disease Diagnosis Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Although it may affect any portion of the digestive tract from mouth to rectum, it usually affects the intestines, producing patches of inflamed tissues that are surrounded by normal tissues. It can cause complications, such as malnutrition, intestinal Ulcers, intestinal obstruction, Fistulas, and fissures in the anus.

Crohn's disease often affects young adults, but children and elderly individuals may also be affected. Although there is no cure for this condition, diet and treatments may help control its symptoms. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of this condition so that Crohn's disease diagnosis may be established early for proper treatment.

Self-Diagnosis for Crohn's Disease
You can make a Crohn's disease diagnosis by yourself if you know the typical signs and symptoms of the condition. Consult a doctor immediately if changes in your bowel habits are persistent and if you suspect you have Crohn's disease.

Common Symptoms


Symptoms of Crohn's disease may be mild to severe, and they may either develop gradually or come suddenly, without any warning. Periods of remission (no symptoms) may also occur. Signs and symptoms of the disease may include:

• Diarrhea


• Fever


• Fatigue


• Reduced appetite


• Weight Loss


• Blood in the stool


• Mouth Sores (like Canker Sores)


• Drainage and inflammation in the skin of the anus (periAnal Fistula)


• Abdominal cramping


• Nausea, vomiting


• In children: delayed growth/sexual development

Medical Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease
There is no single test that can be used for Crohn's disease diagnosis. Symptoms of Crohn's disease may be similar to the symptoms of other health problems. To diagnose Crohn's disease, you may have to undergo physical exams, laboratory tests, and imaging studies to rule out other similar conditions and to determine which parts of the digestive tract are affected.

Physical Exam and History
Evaluation of your condition usually begins with the doctor gathering information on your medical history and conducting a thorough physical exam. Some findings may warrant further tests, such as a family history of the disease, bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal tenderness and pain.

Laboratory Tests
Lab tests may be requested by your doctor to look into problems associated with Crohn's disease, such as signs of inflammation, infection, internal bleeding, and nutritional deficiencies. These tests include:

• White blood cell counts


• Red blood cell counts


• Blood sedimentation rate


• Blood protein levels


• Mineral levels


• Stool exams for occult blood


• Stool sampling for infectious microbes

Imaging Studies and Endoscopy
Crohn's disease may affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth to your rectum. Imaging studies can help locate the portions affected by Crohn's disease and determine the severity of the disease. These studies include

• X-ray Imaging and Barium X-ray

X-ray imaging involves taking a chalky fluid (barium), which may be swallowed or used as an enema before x-ray images are taken. This technique helps to show the location and severity of Crohn's disease. It helps your doctor see intestinal ulcers, narrowing of the intestines, abnormal passages or fistulae, and other problems in the gastrointestinal tract.

• CT Scanning

CT scans are computer-aided imaging techniques that produce highly detailed images of the body compared to traditional X-ray techniques. CT scanning can detect Abscesses or pockets of infection that may not be seen on X-rays.

• Colonoscopy/ Sigmoidoscopy

These endoscopic exams show direct viewing of the large intestine and provide the most accurate information, since they can detect even small ulcers or tissue inflammation.

Colonoscopy is the most important diagnostic tool in making a Crohn's disease diagnosis, since it can view the large intestine in its entirety, plus a portion of the small intestine. Sigmoidoscopy only allows examination of the lowest portion of the large intestine. These procedures also allow the doctor to take small tissue samples for microscopic examination (biopsy), which helps confirm the diagnosis.

• Video Capsule Endoscopy

In this procedure, the patient swallows a small capsule that has a mini video camera. It travels down the small intestine and sends images to a receiver, which can be viewed and downloaded into a computer. This test provides detailed information about the condition in the intestines, which may not be seen in other examinations. However, it should not be used when an intestinal obstruction is present or when the patient has a cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator.

Making a Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease diagnosis may be confirmed after all the tests have ruled out other diseases and your doctor's evaluation points to the condition. He will discuss your condition with you and recommend a treatment plan that will help control the symptoms of your disease.

Watch the video to have a deeper view on Crohn's disease:

Crohn's Disease Tests and Diagnosis

Crohn's Disease Tests and Diagnosis

With only a standard yearly physical exam, Crohn's disease can be difficult to identify and evaluate. At first, the only symptoms you might get are joint pain, low-grade fever, anemia accompanied with Diarrhea, nausea or abdominal pain. However, there are people who are diagnosed with the disease when they are in severe pain in the ER. Crohn's disease tests include a combination of stool studies, blood tests, endoscopic procedures and radiological imaging tests that help in the identification of Crohn's disease, evaluation of the patients as well as the assessment of disease activity.

Tests and Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease
1. Physical Exam
One of Crohn's disease tests is a physical exam where the doctor will enquire about your medical history and your symptoms. A series of tests may also be carried out to check the state of your general health. The doctor can check your Blood Pressure, pulse, weight and height, abdomen and temperature.

2. Blood Tests
Your doctor can have your blood drawn and sent to the lab for analysis. From the blood, it is possible to tell if there is any infection from the white blood cell count and if you have anemia from your red blood cell count. If you have a low red blood cell count, it could mean that you have anemia.

3. Stool Test
You can be asked for a stool sample. The sample is taken to the lab for analysis. Stool is mostly used to identify gastrointestinal diseases and it can also tell if you are inflamed or bleeding.

4. Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is a common Crohn's disease test which involves looking inside the entire colon, ileum and the rectum.

• Ÿ Preparation

Before the test, you may need to have a fluid diet for 1-3 days. Enemas and laxatives will also be administered before the exam. Laxatives will increase bowel movement and loosen stool while an enema will involve flushing water, mild soap solution or laxative into your anus.

• Ÿ Procedure

During the procedure, the doctor will insert a flexible tube into your anus while you are lying on your belly. The tube has a small camera that sends images to the computer screen. This way, the doctor is able to see any signs of inflammation, bleeding or Ulcers. A biopsy will be performed in order to examine the tissue further using a microscope. For this, pain medication will be administered as well as sedatives so that you do not feel the biopsy.

• Ÿ After Care

After the test, you might cramp and bloat, but you will be able to get back to your normal diet in no time. It is not advisable to drive for the next 24 hours to allow the sedatives towear off.

5. Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan
Another Crohn's disease test is a CT scan. Computers and x-rays are used to form images of the organs. Prior to the test, you will be injected with a special dye or given a solution to drink. You will then lie flat on a table that will move into a tunnel-like device that captures the x-ray images. Sedation is not necessary for this test.

6. Upper GI Series (X-Rays)
For 8 hours prior to the procedure, you will be required to stay without drinking and eating. The upper GI series looks into your small intestines. During the procedure, you will drink barium (chalky fluid) and stand or sit in front of an x-ray machine. The barium covers the small intestines, making it possible to see signs of the disease better. Sedation is not required during this procedure. After the test, you might feel bloated and your stool may appear light colored because of the barium.

7. Lower GI Series (X-Rays)
Lower GI series are used to examine the large intestines. A bowel prep before the procedure is necessary and you may be on a fluid diet for 1-3 days prior to the test. Enema and laxative are used the night before the procedure. In some cases, an enema can be administered the morning of the procedure. During the procedure, a flexible tube is inserted in your anus. The large intestine will be filled with barium, making it easier for signs of the disease to be spotted on the x-ray. There is no need for sedation for this test. Normal diet can be resumed after the procedure.

Treatments for Crohn's Disease
1. Medications
Medication helps ease the symptoms of Crohn's disease. Most medications work by averting inflammation in the intestines.

• Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Aminosalicylates are a group of anti-inflammatory drugs that are tried out first. These drugs are related to aspirin and are used to reduce inflammation of the joints and intestines. They are in tablet form and can either be taken orally or through the anus. Antibiotics can also be used to clear bacteria in the irritated areas and decrease inflammation.

• ŸAntidiarrheal Drug

If you do not have an infection, but you are experiencing diarrhea, an antidiarrheal drug loperamide (Imodium) can be helpful.

• TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) Inhibitors

The latest drugs that have been approved for Crohn's disease are TNF (tumor necrosis factor) inhibitors. These drugs block TNF which is a substance produced by immune system cells, causing inflammation. The drugs are, however, accompanied by serious side effects. For this reason, they are used to treat patients who are not responding to other forms of treatment.

2. Nutritional Therapy
The doctor can recommend feeding through a tube (enteral nutrition) following a recommended diet. Parenteral nutrition (injection of nutrients into the veins) can also be recommended. This will give your bowel time to rest and relieve the symptoms.

3. Surgery
Surgery can be used to remove a section of the bowel. Surgery is recommended only for persons who have:

• Fistula that is not healing

• Symptoms are still persistent in spite of medical treatment

• Bowel obstruction

Crohn's Disease Medications

Crohn's Disease Medications

Crohn's disease (CD) is a condition wherein an individual experiences chronic inflammation of their digestive tract, which can cause damage to the area and much discomfort. It is the unfortunate truth that the definite cause of this condition has not yet to be ascertained. Thankfully, there are numerous Crohn's disease medications, which prove useful for those suffering from this condition.

A List of Crohn's Disease Medications
Common symptoms associated with this condition include Diarrhea, cramping, bleeding, abdominal pain, and/or Weight Loss. These symptoms can vary from persontoperson, and can be intense at times, and non-existent at others. The following medications have proved helpful in treating the condition, and lessening the frequency and intensity of symptoms.

1. Aminosalicylates
Medications: This medication is often prescribed for mild to moderate cases of Crohn's disease, which works to reduce inflammation. It can be taken either orally or as a suppository. Medications falling under this category include Sulfasalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine, and balsalazide.

Side Effects: As with most medication, these medications also have some side effects, including nausea, vomiting, Headache, heart burn, and diarrhea. In some cases, individuals have experienced decreased levels of whit blood cells when taking this type of medication, as well as kidney problems. Your doctor will likely monitor you to ensure that no adverse and potentially dangerous side effects occur or exacerbate. Consult with your doctor before stopping any course of prescribed medication.

2. Corticosteroid
Medications:This Crohn's disease medication also works to reduce bodily inflammation, and can provide an individual with short-term relief from symptoms associated with CD. Medications of this type include budesonide, which is used for mild cases of CD; prednisone; and methylprednisolone, which is offered to individuals when budesonide is ineffective.

Side Effects:Some side effects associated with these medications include high Blood Pressure, weight gain, swelling, and/or Glaucoma. If these medications are taken for longer than three months, more serious side effects may occur. These include reduced bone density, and liver complications.

3. Immunomodulators and Immunosuppressive Medications
Medications:Some researches suggest that CD may be caused by a dysfunction of the immune system, whereby the cells of the immune system mistakenly attack the GI tract (gastrointestinal tract). For this reason, treatment may include Immunomodulators and immunosupressives (such as azathioprine, cyclosporine, mercaptopurine, and methotrexate), if the previous two kinds of medications listed above have proven ineffective, or if the development of Fistulas are evident.

Side Effects:Side effects pertaining to this treatment include nausea, vomiting, headache, and diarrhea. This medication may also cause adverse effects on the immune system, effecting how well one's body fights disease and infection.

4. Biologics
Medications:This type of IV (intravenous) medication works to target specific area and reduce inflammation, usually administered to target one's intestinal lining. Medications of this type include adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, infliximab, and natalizumab.

Side Effects:Since this type of medication is administered intravenously, you may experience irritation, redness, or swelling at the site of injection. Other side effects you may experience include fever, chills, headaches, and/or low blood pressure. In rare cases, some individuals have developed Tuberculosis, or other serious infections. Let your doctor know of your medical history (if they do not know it) before taking any prescribed medications.

5. Other Medications
Crohn's disease medication, that which is specific to the treatment of CD, may also include other medications. These include:

• Antibiotics, which help to prevent the growth of bacteria within one's intestines


• Anti-diarrheal, which helps to prevent/treat severe episodes of diarrhea


• Blood thinners, as some individuals with CD are at an increased risk of having Blood Clots.


• One may also be more susceptible to other conditions affecting the blood, such as anemia. If you are believed to have anemia, you will likely be prescribed shots of vitamin B12, as well as iron supplements.

More Management Options for Crohn's Disease
1. Diet
One's eating habits can help to ease the occurrences of CD, although there is no evidence to suggest any specific diet can cure the condition. If one can keep a diary listing what food they have eaten, then they would be able to ascertain what foods may instigate symptoms related to Crohn's disease, and avoid such foods in the future.

Dairy may be an instigator of this condition, particularly for those who are intolerant to lactose. Fish oil is thought to reduce the likelihood of a relapse. Those with CD may experience deficiencies in vitamins A, B, D, E, and K. For this reason, supplements, or increased consumption in foods rich in these vitamins may be required.

2. Lifestyle Changes
Other factors, such as Stress, can worsen one's condition, meaning that taking time to relax may help with Crohn's disease, in correlation with Crohn's disease medication. Those who smoke should also quit, as smoking can have an incredibly detrimental effect on CD.

3. Complementary Therapy
The exact benefits of these treatments are unknown, although many have said that they have proved helpful. These remedies include:

• Acupuncture. This is thought to treat inflammation. First used in China, it is becoming more popular in western regions.


• Herbs. A common herbal remedy used to treat CD is Boswella, which is though to work in the same way as mesalazine, with less negative side effects.

4. Surgery
It is estimated that around eighty percent of individuals who have Crohn's disease will require a surgical procedure at one time during their life. These surgical procedures are not intended to cure CD, as they are unable to, but individuals may be able to go long periods of time after surgery without experiencing any symptoms. On average, around ninety percent of people who have had surgery for CD develop no symptoms at all in the year following the procedure. Surgery is often recommended when Crohn's disease medication and other treatments have proven ineffective. Common surgical procedures to treat CD include:

• Colectomy – During this procedure, a surgeon will extract the disease section of one's colon, and reconnect the remaining tissue.


• Strictureplasty – A surgeon will dislodge sections of the bowel that have become blocked.