Viral Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & Preventions

Viral Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & Preventions Meningitis is a healthy condition that occurs as a result of the inflammation of the tissue covering the human brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis is of two kinds: Viral meningitis and Bacterial meningitis. Of these two, bacterial meningitis is the serious of the two. It has a potential of ruining the brain, causing limb amputation, deafness and in the worst case, Stroke. On the other hand, viral meningitis, commonly known as Aseptic meningitis, is less severe. Unlike the bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis is often diagnosed with less lasting effects, hence reducing its fatality.

What Are the Symptoms of Viral Meningitis?
Viral meningitis symptoms are usually similar to those of bacterial meningitis but are less severe. Bacterial meningitis on the other hand has a potential of causing death in just a matter of hours. Depending on the cause, meningitis symptoms may be noticeable within hours or in a day or two.

Symptoms of Viral Meningitis in People Above 2
If not carefully diagnosed, meningitis symptoms and signs may easily be confused with those of Influenza. Signs and symptoms of meningitis of anyone above the age of 2 years are as follows:

• Acute Headache that is different from a normal one


• No appetite for eating and drinking


• Abrupt high fever


• For meningococcal meningitis, rashes may develop on the skin


• Nausea accompanied with headache


• Occasional seizures


• Feeling sleepy and/or difficult to come out of sleep


• Stiffness around the neck region


• A high sensitivity to light


• Low concentration levels and confusion

Symptoms of Viral Meningitis in Newborns
Symptoms for anyone younger than two years old will relatively be different from viral meningitis in adults. Most importantly, there may not be the typical headache and rigid neck symptoms. However, the following signs may be noticeable.

• Irritation and heavy sleepiness


• Abnormal high fever


• Bulging on the baby’s soft spot on the head


• A continuous cry


• Sluggishness and lethargy


• Inability to feed well


• Some cases may include baby’s neck and body stiffness

It is usually not easy to calm down a baby under this meningitis condition and may continue crying the more.

When to See a Doctor
The attention of a doctor may be sought in the event the sick person has or shows the following:

• Nausea


• Confusion


• Stiff Neck


• Fever


• Acute and severe headache

Usually, viral meningitis may show positive signs of healing even without treatment unlike bacterial meningitis. However, those younger than a month old as well as people having weak immune systems can be hit hard by the condition.

The only way to establish the kind of meningitis affecting the young one is by consulting a professional doctor for a spinal fluid test. If there is someone suffering from meningitis close to you, make sure you get preventive medication from your doctor.

What Causes Viral Meningitis?
Viral meningitis is commonly caused by viruses in the enterovirus family. It can also be a result of an infection to the meninges. The viruses get their way to the human brain tissues through the mouth. The main viruses responsible for viral meningitis are echoviruses and Coxsackie viruses. Viral meningitis could also be a result of:

• Herpes viruses – both type 1 and 2


• Varicella (Chickenpox) virus


• West Nile virus


• Rabies virus


• Mumps virus


• HIV


• Rabies virus


• Viruses transmitted through infected mosquitoes

How Is Viral Meningitis Treated?
Meningitis caused by the enteroviruses has no antiviral drugs for cure. Therefore, treatment will come in form of supportive care that includes patient rehydration to replenish loss resulting from vomit. Other types of care could be pain relief treatment for the headache symptoms and any other pain in the body. If the body can develop antibodies and full immunity, treatment can take its right course. This may happen in a week or so.

For a severe case like that linked with Herpes Simplex, it is important to provide treatment at an early stage. To determine the meningitis symptoms cause, antiviral drugs can be supplied. For severe cases, both antiviral agents and antibiotics should be prescribed until a point where the cause has successfully been determined because antibiotics may not bring out the best results on their own against viruses.

Is Viral Meningitis Contagious?
Indeed, viral meningitis is contagious. Enteroviruses, which are the main causative agents, can be spread by way of saliva, sputum or Mucus of an infected person. The transfer can take place where you touch the same object with an infected person and touch your mouth or nose before cleaning your hands. Other means of spread can also be through Sneezing and coughing.

Depending on the virus, viral meningitis can spread through:

• An infected person’s bloodstream to another body part


• Contaminated stool when infected individuals fail to wash their hands following a bowel movement


• For enteroviruses, the spread can even happen inside a swimming pool


• During sex with an infected person – especially with the HIV


• An infected mosquito bite – for St. Louis virus and West Nile Virus


• Inhaling the virus in the air


• Contact with contaminated food or dust, maybe through infected mice’s stool and urine – for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus


• Injected drugs using infected needles – for HIV

Can Viral Meningitis Be Prevented?
Being the common causative agents, non-polio enteroviruses cannot be stopped through vaccines. However, their ability to cause infection or even spread can be prevented through the following methods:

• Wash hands with water and soap after using the toilet, changing diapers, nose blowing or coughing.


• Stop touching your face with dirty hands.


• Keep off infected people by avoiding hugs and kisses. Don’t share utensils with them too.


• Cover sneezes and coughs with tissue paper or the upper shirt sleeve and not with your hands.


• Cleanse and disinfect commonly used objects and surfaces such as doorknobs and toys.


• Let the sick person stay at home.


• Make sure regular vaccinations are conducted. Vaccinations against chickenpox, mumps, influenza and Measles can help prevent viral meningitis.


• Protect yourself from insect bites such as mosquitoes.


• Control rats and mice in your home.


• Clean your bathroom with a bleaching agent or a commercial disinfectant if you are sharing it with an infected person.

These measures should be strictly followed if you have any medical situation that affects your immune system negatively.

Watch a video to learn what effects a viral meningitis will have:

Is Meningitis Contagious?

Is Meningitis Contagious? There are protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and they are referred to as the meninges. The integrity and health of these important membranes is vital to neurological health. Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges become inflamed. Typically, this is the result of an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Meningitis can cause significant damage to the nervous system and can lead to death. Thus people ask:Is meningitis contagious?

What Causes Meningitis?
Though meningitis is primarily caused by viruses and bacteria, there can be other causes as well. This occurs when infections in various parts of the body such as the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems and the skin spread into the bloodstream and eventually infect the delicate meninges. These membranes are there partly to protect the nervous system from infection. However, like any other part of the body, they are susceptible to infection

Serious head trauma or surgery at the spine or brain could also lead to this infection. Additionally, there is a chance of parasitic and fungal infections to the body. The likelihood of meningitis is much higher with these conditions, though they are rare. Cancer and particular medications also contribute to risk of or directly cause meningitis.

Is Meningitis Contagious?
Viral and Bacterial meningitis are contagious. While other types of meningitis such as fungal meningitis, parasitic meningitis and non-infectious meningitis are not contagious. Besides, they are also very rare.

How Does It Spread?
The spread of infection usually needs to be up close and personal. This means that any bodily fluid exposure or exchange will increase risk, which includes kissing, Sneezing, coughing as well as sharing of eating utensils, food, towels and glasses.

When young people are physically close to each other, it is possible to transmit what are known as meningococcal bacteria. These are bacteria which have resisted all means of treatment and moved on to creating meningitis. Living in college dorms or any other living situation which imposes close human contact will spread infections. People over the age of 25 will have an immune advantage but not a guarantee.

Who Are More Likely to Get Infected?
Knowing the answer to "Is meningitis contagious?" is not enough, you should also know the risk factors to avoid the disease in the first place.

• Young age: Viral meningitis typically occurs with children under the age of 5, while bacterial meningitis is more common in people under 20.


• People who skipped vaccinations: Children should maintain a vaccination schedule with a primary care physician. When these scheduled vaccinations are missed, risks for development of meningitis increase exponentially.


• People who live in a communal environment: Any time there is a bacterial or viral outbreak; communities with close physical contact are at a higher risk for spreading of infection. Respiratory infections are rapidly spread in communal living. College dormitories are a prime breeding ground.


• Pregnant women: Is meningitis contagious to and from pregnant women? There is a distinct risk of infection with listeria bacterial infection with pregnant women. The condition of infection is called Listeriosis and it is common in pregnancy. This infection can eventually cause meningitis.


• People with compromised immune system: People with organ transplants and autoimmune disorders typically take medications which can lower immunity. Anyone with HIV developing into AIDS is at risk for myriad infections. Diabetes and Alcoholism are also risk factors.

How Can You Prevent It from Spreading?
Now you know the answer to "Is meningitis contagious?" is yes, it is important to take measures to prevent the spreading and reduce the risk of the disease.

• Wash your hands carefully: It is apparent throughout the working and existing world that washing your hands on a regular basis is a fundamental practice toward maintaining resistance to infections. Anytime you come in contact with crowds, before you eat and after you use the toilet, wash your hands. This will be an initial step to avoiding meningitis.


• Maintain a good hygiene: Avoid sharing food or drink with others when possible. Teach your children about this practice too.


• Be careful with your food: While certain functions of immunity are strengthened during pregnancy, you still may be susceptible to pathogens found in food. Listeriosis risks can be reduced by ensuring all meats are cooked to 165 degrees Fahrenheit. Be sure all dairy products you consume are made from pasteurized milk.


• Stay healthy: Make sure you get adequate sleep and exercise and eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and healthy grains.


• Don't transmit germs: Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough.


• Be sure to get immunizations up to date, followed by meningitis booster shots as well. Your physician should also advise you of immunizations you will need before you travel, as some countries present higher risks for meningitis.

How Is It Treated?
For Viral Meningitis
Typically, viral meningitis will be challenged and defeated by the immune system. Since antibiotics only treat bacterial infections, they are ineffective against viral meningitis. Antiviral drugs may be used. Is meningitis contagious in this form? It can be. Wearing a germ mask will help. There is help available for this condition. Sometimes hospitalization may be necessary. But in most cases, the following treatments at home will help:

• Rest: Bed rest will help the body to heal itself. Engage in non-physical activities.


• Reduce the fever: All over the counter analgesics are also anti-pyretic, meaning they will reduce fever. You can also use cold compresses and ice baths.


• Relieve the pain: The same medications used to relieve fevers will also relieve pain.


• Hydrate: Water, coconut water, natural juices, and teas without caffeine will help rehydrate the body. Do the same for children.


• Be aware of complications: If the fever associated with viral meningitis lasts longer than expected, seek medical attention. Seizures can occur and this is the occasion to dial 911.

For Bacterial Meningitis
Meningitis caused by bacterial infection needs to be addressed in a hospital environment. This is a serious situation and should be treated with IV antibiotics with full medical supervision. The span of time in the hospital depends on the severity of illness.

Corticosteroids may also be prescribed in the interim in order to prevent loss of hearing, which is common with bacterial meningitis. Any other problems along with the infection will also be treated. In severe cases, bacterial meningitis can cause permanent damage to the brain without immediate diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, always contact your doctor if you have any symptoms.

Infectious Meningitis Precautions

Infectious Meningitis Precautions

Meningitis refers to a condition that leads to the inflammation of the lining of your brain and your spinal cord. You may develop meningitis due to infection or non-infectious agents. Virus, bacteria, fungi and parasites are infectious agents, whereas radiographic dyes, drugs and Tumors are non-infectious causes of meningitis. The degree of mortality and morbidity will be affected by the cause and your age, and any preexisting medical conditions will also have a direct impact on the degree of mortality. Some of the most common symptoms of infectious meningitis include Headache, fever, nausea, Stiff Neck, eye discomfort, vomiting, irritability and change in mental state. So it is important to take meningitis precautions to protect yourself from infectious meningitis because it can lead to more serious consequences.

10 Effective Meningitis Precautions to Avoid Infection
Meningitis is a contagious disease with some serious symptoms. It is, therefore, important to take steps and learn about meningitis precautions to shield yourself against this disease.

1. Get a Vaccination
Getting vaccinated against the disease is the most effective way to protect you from this infectious disease. In the United States, you can find two vaccines to protect yourself from Bacterial Meningitis. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is important that you receive these vaccines at age 11 or 12 for the first time. And you will also need a booster shot again at age 16-18.

You are more likely to contract meningitis between 16 and 21 years old because that's usually the time when you'll be living in close quarters with others, such as in college dorm. You should also get vaccinated if you're traveling, entering the military, or planning to live in an area where bacterial meningitis is common.

2. Never Share Personal Items
You can get meningitis when you are exposed to throat or respiratory secretions – sputum, saliva, and nasal Mucus – of someone who may already have contracted this disease. Don't share your personal items, such as water bottles, glasses, silverware, straws, lipsticks, toothbrushes and lip glosses with others to avoid getting infected.

3. Maintain Distance with Affected Person
The bacteria found in throat and nose of an infected person can spread through Sneezing and coughing. It is, therefore, important that you maintain your distance, at least 3 feet, from someone who is already infected. It is, however, important to mention that you won't contract bacterial meningitis just by breathing in the air where an infected person has been.

4. Apply a Mask
You should wear a facemask if you have contracted meningitis. This will make sure you don't spread your infection to others. If you sneeze or cough without a mask, you could infect others who inhale your respiratory secretions. Individuals with a compromised system are more at risk for meningitis.

5. Use Semi-Isolation
One of many meningitis precautions to take is to use semi-isolation option. Your symptoms won't appear immediately after you become infected, so it is important to admit in a hospital even during the incubation period. You don't have to be into quarantine, but you should keep your personal belongings and items separate.

6. Take Antibiotics
If you have Neisseria meningitides with a meningitis infection, it is important for someone who has close contact with you to receive antibiotics. You need to inform health departments if you have bacterial meningitis, so they could decide who else should receive antibiotics.

7. Build Your Immune System
One of the most important meningitis precautions is to build your immune system. A healthy immune system will help fight off infections from the bacteria and viruses that cause meningitis. You can boost your immune system by eating healthy, including vegetables, fresh fruits, lean proteins and whole grains into your diet. Be sure to exercise regularly and sleep for no less than 8 hours a night.

8. Wash Hands Regularly
It is important to wash your hands for long enough to eliminate any bacteria on your hands. Ideally, you should wash for at least 15 seconds to prevent meningitis. You may consider singing "Happy Birthday" while washing your hands to ensure you've washed for long enough. Just be thorough to avoid becoming a victim to meningitis.

9. Kiss with Care
If you have a meningitis infection, you should avoid kissing your partner or kids. Similarly, you should avoid kissing your child if they have contracted this infection. Wait until they have fully recovered.

10. Maintain the Hygiene of Your Environment
Whether you have a meningitis virus or someone in your family is infected, it is a good idea to use a sanitizing agent to treat kitchen counters, work surfaces and other surfaces that you share with others. This will reduce the chances of picking up any infection that may develop into meningitis.

Is Meningitis Contagious?

Is Meningitis Contagious?

The protective membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord are called meninges. These membranes may become inflamed due to an infection of the fluid surrounding your spinal cord and brain. The inflammation of these membranes is called meningitis. Viruses or bacteria usually cause the disease, but Cancer, physical injuries or certain drugs can also lead to meningitis. Many people have different questions about meningitis. A common question is, "Is meningitis contagious?" To find the answer, it is important to develop a better understanding about what causes meningitis in the first place. Keep reading to discover more.

Meningitis: Contagious or Not?
The answer to your question, "Is meningitis contagious or not?" depends on what causes it in the first place. The type of meningitis you have will also help determine if it is contagious or not. Here's more about different types and their causes.

1. Viral Meningitis
Contagious or Not: Yes

Viral meningitis is contagious and spreads through direct contact with nasal Mucus, saliva or feces. An infected person can spread it through Sneezing and coughing. Arboviruses cause meningitis and can transmit through ticks and mosquitoes. Though it is the most common type of meningitis, it isn't life-threatening in most cases.

2. Bacterial Meningitis
Contagious or Not: Yes

Caused by Haemophilus Influenza, Streptococcus Pneumonia or Neisseria meningitides, bacterial meningitis is a serious illness with life-threatening consequences. Even though these bacteria are contagious, they are not as contagious as cold and flu germs are. Meningococcal bacterial cannot live outside the body for long, so you won't become infected just by socializing with someone who has it. Prolonged close contact may result in infection though. It can also spread through mucus and saliva. You can even contract it by sharing eating utensils with an infected person.

3. Fungal Meningitis
Contagious or Not: No

Caused by Cryptococcus, fungal meningitis is quite rare and affects people with impaired immune systems.

4. Parasitic Meningitis
Contagious or Not: No

It's a very rare and potentially fatal type of meningitis caused mainly by a microscopic amoeba known as Naegleria fowleri. It thrives in lakes and rivers and enters your body through your nose. Drinking contaminated water won't cause this infection.

5. Non-Infectious Meningitis
Contagious or Not: No

Infections are usually the underlying causes of meningitis, but not always. Non-infectious meningitis occurs due to brain surgery or head injury. Cancer, lupus and certain medications may also cause non-infectious meningitis.

Who Is at Higher Risks for Meningitis?
Now that you know the answer to your question, "Is meningitis contagious or not?" you may want to know if anyone can have it or some people are more susceptible to getting infected. Here are some of the most common risk factors for meningitis.

• You are more likely to develop the infection if you haven't completed your vaccination schedule.


• Children younger than age 5 are at a great risk for viral meningitis, whereas bacterial meningitis usually affects people under age 20.


• You are more likely to develop meningitis if you live in a community setting such as military bases, dormitories, childcare schools and boarding facilities. You may become infected with meningococcal meningitis because the bacterium is highly contagious.


• Pregnant women are at a greater risk of developing meningitis. They usually contract an infection caused by listeria bacteria that may lead to the development of meningitis. Unborn babies of pregnant women with Listeriosis are at risk too.


• Alcoholism, Aids, use of immunosuppressant drugs and Diabetes can weaken your immune system, and people with compromised immune system are more susceptible to meningitis.

Can Meningitis Be Prevented?
Is meningitis contagious? You already know the answer. With the information that many causes can be related with meningitis and common viruses and bacteria can spread meningitis through sneezing, coughing or sharing eating utensils, you can learn how to prevent being infected with it.

1. Get Vaccinated
You should always take vaccines to protect yourself from being infected. Be sure to protect your child as well by completing the recommended vaccine schedule. Your general physician will guide you in this regard because there are some common vaccinations available, such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccine, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV), Neisseria meningitidissero groups C and Y vaccine, and meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4).

2. Take Antibiotics
If you have to be in close contact with people who have meningococcal meningitis, you should take antibiotics. Similarly, you should take antibiotics if someone in your family is infected. These antibiotic medications will protect others in the family from contracting the infection. Ask your healthcare provider if you need to take antibiotics and if there's a high-risk person in your family.

3. Maintain Healthy Life Habits
You need to maintain healthy habits such as cleaning your eating utensils and not sharing them with others. Be sure to wash your hands frequently and never share foods, drinks, straws, toothbrushes and lip balms with others. Exercise regularly, get enough rest, and have a balanced diet to boost your immune system.

How to Treat Meningitis If You Have Developed the Disease
If you've developed viral meningitis, you will start to feel better after 3 days or so. It may take up to a couple of weeks to recover completely. Most mild cases of viral meningitis only require home treatment. You may have to go to the hospital if you've developed bacterial meningitis. Your treatment may involve taking medicines such as corticosteroids, antibiotics and medicines to reduce fever. Oxygen therapy may help if you have trouble in breathing. It is important to admit to the hospital because you have to be under close observation of your doctors.

Meningitis in Babies

Meningitis in Babies

Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges (the membrane lining of the brain and spinal cord). Meningitis usually refers to infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or other microorganisms. Newborn infants are at a high risk of infection from certain bacteria because their immune systems are weak and not fully developed. The following information on newborns and meningitis focuses on two forms of bacteria that can cause meningitis: Group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Causes of Meningitis in Babies
There are two types of meningitis that can affect newborns and children: viral and bacterial. Neonatal meningitis (either viral or bacterial) affects babies up to 2 or 3 months of age and any delay in medical treatment could put your baby at risk for death, deafness, and Mental Retardation. In older babies and children, if a virus causes meningitis, it is usually mild and goes away within ten days. Viral Meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and it resembles the flu. However, Bacterial Meningitis comes on fast and is life threatening. Bacterial meningitis can be fatal and if not treated properly it causes brain damage, deafness, and blood Poisoning. Most viruses that cause meningitis in children are from the group known as enteroviruses. Other viruses, like Herpes Simplex may also cause meningitis. A bacterium that causes meningitis includes group B streptococci (GBS) and Haemophilus Influenzae type B. Your baby can get viral meningitis when the virus is transferred into the air when someone coughs or sneezes nearby. It is also spread by poor hygiene. For example, by not washing your hands after going to the toilet is one way viral meningitis can spread. Since the bacteria that causes bacterial meningitis does not live long outside the body, your infant can only get it from being in close contact with an infected person. This usually means living in the same house as someone infected with bacterial meningitis. Your baby can also pick up bacteria from the following:

• Being kissed or touched


• People Sneezing and coughing close by


• Sharing eating and drinking utensils, and other personal items like toothbrushes


• Most cases of bacterial meningitis are isolated, but clusters of it can appear. People who share a house with someone with bacterial meningitis are usually offered antibiotics as a precaution against infection.

Signs of Meningitis in Babies
The classic signs and symptoms of meningitis are a Headache and a Stiff Neck. However, newborns and babies show other signs of meningitis such as the following symptoms:

• Fever


• Body and neck stiffness


• Poor eating habits


• A bulge in the soft spot on top of a baby's head


• Crying all the time


• Tiredness and/or irritability


• Inactivity or sluggishness

You should get medical care immediately if you or someone in your family shows signs or symptoms of meningitis. These signs include:

• High fever


• Confusion


• Vomiting


• Stiff neck


• Severe, constant headache

Viral meningitis may improve without treatment, but bacterial meningitis is serious and requires prompt antibiotic treatment to improve the chances of recovery. Delaying treatment for bacterial meningitis increases the risk of permanent brain damage or death and it can prove fatal in a matter of days if not treated immediately. There is no way to know what kind of meningitis you or your child has without seeing a doctor and undergoing spinal fluid testing. It is also important to talk to your doctor if a family member or someone you work with has meningitis. You may need to take medications to prevent an infection. Treatments of Meningitis in Babies

• With viral meningitis, the baby's immune system may be strong enough to fight it. Usually, no treatment is needed, but sometimes a physician prescribes medication – especially to newborns. You can treat your child's viral meningitis like you would with the flu.


• Make sure your baby gets lots of rest, takes medicine for pain relief and fever and drinks plenty of liquids. In some instances, a baby – especially a newborn – might need a hospital visit for a few days to closely monitor progress and symptoms.


• Bacterial meningitis requires flooding the bloodstream with strong antibiotics from an IV and babies may spend up to two weeks in the hospital during treatment. A strong regiment of antibiotics cures bacterial meningitis about 85 percent of the time, as long as the illness is caught within the first day or so that symptoms appear. That is why if bacterial meningitis is suspected, it is imperative to get your child to a doctor immediately.

Preventions of Meningitis in Babies
Meningitis is not entirely preventable, but a good method to ensure your baby does not get it is to make sure he or she is vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae type B, or Hib. The vaccination is given as part of an infant’s standard immunization at 2, 4, and 6 months, with a final dose between 12 and 18 months. The vaccination has drastically cut the rate of child meningitis. You can also have your child vaccinated against Pneumoccus bacteria – a common and deadly form of bacterial meningitis. Another common cause of bacterial meningitis – Neisseria meningitides – is recommended for children ages 11 to 12, but it can also be given to younger children who are at a high risk or exposed to a meningitis outbreak.

Viral Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & Preventions

Viral Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & Preventions

Meningitis is a healthy condition that occurs as a result of the inflammation of the tissue covering the human brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis is of two kinds: Viral Meningitis and Bacterial Meningitis. Of these two, bacterial meningitis is the serious of the two. It has a potential of ruining the brain, causing limb amputation, deafness and in the worst case, Stroke. On the other hand, viral meningitis, commonly known as Aseptic Meningitis, is less severe. Unlike the bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis is often diagnosed with less lasting effects, hence reducing its fatality.

What Are the Symptoms of Viral Meningitis?
Viral meningitis symptoms are usually similar to those of bacterial meningitis but are less severe. Bacterial meningitis on the other hand has a potential of causing death in just a matter of hours. Depending on the cause, meningitis symptoms may be noticeable within hours or in a day or two.

Symptoms of Viral Meningitis in People Above 2
If not carefully diagnosed, meningitis symptoms and signs may easily be confused with those of Influenza. Signs and symptoms of meningitis of anyone above the age of 2 years are as follows:

• Acute Headache that is different from a normal one


• No appetite for eating and drinking


• Abrupt high fever


• For meningococcal meningitis, rashes may develop on the skin


• Nausea accompanied with headache


• Occasional seizures


• Feeling sleepy and/or difficult to come out of sleep


• Stiffness around the neck region


• A high sensitivity to light


• Low concentration levels and confusion

Symptoms of Viral Meningitis in Newborns
Symptoms for anyone younger than two years old will relatively be different from viral meningitis in adults. Most importantly, there may not be the typical headache and rigid neck symptoms. However, the following signs may be noticeable.

• Irritation and heavy sleepiness


• Abnormal high fever


• Bulging on the baby’s soft spot on the head


• A continuous cry


• Sluggishness and lethargy


• Inability to feed well


• Some cases may include baby’s neck and body stiffness

It is usually not easy to calm down a baby under this meningitis condition and may continue crying the more.

When to See a Doctor
The attention of a doctor may be sought in the event the sick person has or shows the following:

• Nausea


• Confusion


• Stiff Neck


• Fever


• Acute and severe headache

Usually, viral meningitis may show positive signs of healing even without treatment unlike bacterial meningitis. However, those younger than a month old as well as people having weak immune systems can be hit hard by the condition.

The only way to establish the kind of meningitis affecting the young one is by consulting a professional doctor for a spinal fluid test. If there is someone suffering from meningitis close to you, make sure you get preventive medication from your doctor.

What Causes Viral Meningitis?
Viral meningitis is commonly caused by viruses in the enterovirus family. It can also be a result of an infection to the meninges. The viruses get their way to the human brain tissues through the mouth. The main viruses responsible for viral meningitis are echoviruses and Coxsackie viruses. Viral meningitis could also be a result of:

• Herpes viruses – both type 1 and 2


• Varicella (Chickenpox) virus


• West Nile virus


• Rabies virus


• Mumps virus


• Hiv


• Rabies virus


• Viruses transmitted through infected mosquitoes

How Is Viral Meningitis Treated?
Meningitis caused by the enteroviruses has no antiviral drugs for cure. Therefore, treatment will come in form of supportive care that includes patient rehydration to replenish loss resulting from vomit. Other types of care could be pain relief treatment for the headache symptoms and any other pain in the body. If the body can develop antibodies and full immunity, treatment can take its right course. This may happen in a week or so.

For a severe case like that linked with Herpes Simplex, it is important to provide treatment at an early stage. To determine the meningitis symptoms cause, antiviral drugs can be supplied. For severe cases, both antiviral agents and antibiotics should be prescribed until a point where the cause has successfully been determined because antibiotics may not bring out the best results on their own against viruses.

Is Viral Meningitis Contagious?
Indeed, viral meningitis is contagious. Enteroviruses, which are the main causative agents, can be spread by way of saliva, sputum or Mucus of an infected person. The transfer can take place where you touch the same object with an infected person and touch your mouth or nose before cleaning your hands. Other means of spread can also be through Sneezing and coughing.

Depending on the virus, viral meningitis can spread through:

• An infected person’s bloodstream to another body part


• Contaminated stool when infected individuals fail to wash their hands following a bowel movement


• For enteroviruses, the spread can even happen inside a swimming pool


• During sex with an infected person – especially with the HIV


• An infected mosquito bite – for St. Louis virus and West Nile Virus


• Inhaling the virus in the air


• Contact with contaminated food or dust, maybe through infected mice’s stool and urine – for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus


• Injected drugs using infected needles – for HIV

Can Viral Meningitis Be Prevented?
Being the common causative agents, non-polio enteroviruses cannot be stopped through vaccines. However, their ability to cause infection or even spread can be prevented through the following methods:

• Wash hands with water and soap after using the toilet, changing diapers, nose blowing or coughing.


• Stop touching your face with dirty hands.


• Keep off infected people by avoiding hugs and kisses. Don’t share utensils with them too.


• Cover sneezes and coughs with tissue paper or the upper shirt sleeve and not with your hands.


• Cleanse and disinfect commonly used objects and surfaces such as doorknobs and toys.


• Let the sick person stay at home.


• Make sure regular vaccinations are conducted. Vaccinations against chickenpox, mumps, influenza and Measles can help prevent viral meningitis.


• Protect yourself from insect bites such as mosquitoes.


• Control rats and mice in your home.


• Clean your bathroom with a bleaching agent or a commercial disinfectant if you are sharing it with an infected person.

These measures should be strictly followed if you have any medical situation that affects your immune system negatively.

Watch a video to learn what effects a viral meningitis will have:

Is Meningitis Contagious?

Is Meningitis Contagious?

There are protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and they are referred to as the meninges. The integrity and health of these important membranes is vital to neurological health. Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges become inflamed. Typically, this is the result of an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Meningitis can cause significant damage to the nervous system and can lead to death. Thus people ask:Is meningitis contagious?

What Causes Meningitis?
Though meningitis is primarily caused by viruses and bacteria, there can be other causes as well. This occurs when infections in various parts of the body such as the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems and the skin spread into the bloodstream and eventually infect the delicate meninges. These membranes are there partly to protect the nervous system from infection. However, like any other part of the body, they are susceptible to infection

Serious head trauma or surgery at the spine or brain could also lead to this infection. Additionally, there is a chance of parasitic and fungal infections to the body. The likelihood of meningitis is much higher with these conditions, though they are rare. Cancer and particular medications also contribute to risk of or directly cause meningitis.

Is Meningitis Contagious?
Viral and Bacterial Meningitis are contagious. While other types of meningitis such as fungal meningitis, parasitic meningitis and non-infectious meningitis are not contagious. Besides, they are also very rare.

How Does It Spread?
The spread of infection usually needs to be up close and personal. This means that any bodily fluid exposure or exchange will increase risk, which includes kissing, Sneezing, coughing as well as sharing of eating utensils, food, towels and glasses.

When young people are physically close to each other, it is possible to transmit what are known as meningococcal bacteria. These are bacteria which have resisted all means of treatment and moved on to creating meningitis. Living in college dorms or any other living situation which imposes close human contact will spread infections. People over the age of 25 will have an immune advantage but not a guarantee.

Who Are More Likely to Get Infected?
Knowing the answer to "Is meningitis contagious?" is not enough, you should also know the risk factors to avoid the disease in the first place.

• Young age: Viral Meningitis typically occurs with children under the age of 5, while bacterial meningitis is more common in people under 20.


• People who skipped vaccinations: Children should maintain a vaccination schedule with a primary care physician. When these scheduled vaccinations are missed, risks for development of meningitis increase exponentially.


• People who live in a communal environment: Any time there is a bacterial or viral outbreak; communities with close physical contact are at a higher risk for spreading of infection. Respiratory infections are rapidly spread in communal living. College dormitories are a prime breeding ground.


• Pregnant women: Is meningitis contagious to and from pregnant women? There is a distinct risk of infection with listeria bacterial infection with pregnant women. The condition of infection is called Listeriosis and it is common in pregnancy. This infection can eventually cause meningitis.


• People with compromised immune system: People with organ transplants and autoimmune disorders typically take medications which can lower immunity. Anyone with Hiv developing into Aids is at risk for myriad infections. Diabetes and Alcoholism are also risk factors.

How Can You Prevent It from Spreading?
Now you know the answer to "Is meningitis contagious?" is yes, it is important to take measures to prevent the spreading and reduce the risk of the disease.

• Wash your hands carefully: It is apparent throughout the working and existing world that washing your hands on a regular basis is a fundamental practice toward maintaining resistance to infections. Anytime you come in contact with crowds, before you eat and after you use the toilet, wash your hands. This will be an initial step to avoiding meningitis.


• Maintain a good hygiene: Avoid sharing food or drink with others when possible. Teach your children about this practice too.


• Be careful with your food: While certain functions of immunity are strengthened during pregnancy, you still may be susceptible to pathogens found in food. Listeriosis risks can be reduced by ensuring all meats are cooked to 165 degrees Fahrenheit. Be sure all dairy products you consume are made from pasteurized milk.


• Stay healthy: Make sure you get adequate sleep and exercise and eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and healthy grains.


• Don't transmit germs: Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough.


• Be sure to get immunizations up to date, followed by meningitis booster shots as well. Your physician should also advise you of immunizations you will need before you travel, as some countries present higher risks for meningitis.

How Is It Treated?
For Viral Meningitis
Typically, viral meningitis will be challenged and defeated by the immune system. Since antibiotics only treat bacterial infections, they are ineffective against viral meningitis. Antiviral drugs may be used. Is meningitis contagious in this form? It can be. Wearing a germ mask will help. There is help available for this condition. Sometimes hospitalization may be necessary. But in most cases, the following treatments at home will help:

• Rest: Bed rest will help the body to heal itself. Engage in non-physical activities.


• Reduce the fever: All over the counter analgesics are also anti-pyretic, meaning they will reduce fever. You can also use cold compresses and ice baths.


• Relieve the pain: The same medications used to relieve fevers will also relieve pain.


• Hydrate: Water, coconut water, natural juices, and teas without caffeine will help rehydrate the body. Do the same for children.


• Be aware of complications: If the fever associated with viral meningitis lasts longer than expected, seek medical attention. Seizures can occur and this is the occasion to dial 911.

For Bacterial Meningitis
Meningitis caused by bacterial infection needs to be addressed in a hospital environment. This is a serious situation and should be treated with IV antibiotics with full medical supervision. The span of time in the hospital depends on the severity of illness.

Corticosteroids may also be prescribed in the interim in order to prevent loss of hearing, which is common with bacterial meningitis. Any other problems along with the infection will also be treated. In severe cases, bacterial meningitis can cause permanent damage to the brain without immediate diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, always contact your doctor if you have any symptoms.

Meningitis

Meningitis






Meningitis is a serious bacterial infection that affects the tissues (meninges) covering the brain. Apart from bacteria, meningitis is caused by virus and even fungal infection. Meningitis is of various types like Aseptic meningitis, gram negative meningitis, pneumococcal meningitis, and Tuberculosis meningitis.

Among the available types, certain variety of meningitis can be treated at home and does not require hospitalization. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious one which may require immediate treatment. Viral meningitis produces symptoms like flu and hence people are tempted to take antibiotics.

Causes :

Virus and bacterial infection is the most common cause for meningitis. Other causes are fungal infection, chemical reaction, taking strong medications and tumors.

Millions of bacteria live in our nose and mouth which would then pass into the blood stream to attack membranes of brain causing meningitis. Normally, there would be a protective covering between the brain and the blood stream. However, when the bacteria progresses on its way to brain, situations may change and they may find entry into the brain causing inflammation. Streptococcus Pneumoniae causes this infection.

Who are at risk ?

Very rarely, meningitis also occurs due to spread of brain infection and it can occur on adults who are middle aged and children below 5 years. People who are in the habit of taking alcohol, who suffer from cancer and taking chemotherapy, and people who are diabetic and weakened immunity are prone to meningitis.

Symptoms :

Fever (mild to severe), chills, change in mental stage, nausea, vomiting, severe Headache and stiffness in neck are some of the symptoms. Depending on the intensity of infection, some people may also get shortness of breath, palpitation, aggressive behavior, difficulty in eating, and bulging fontanelles.

Diagnoses :

Doctor will complete physical examination and look for above symptoms. He may also perform lumbar puncture for testing cerebrospinal fluid. Blood test, chest X-ray and CT scan may be done, if needed.

Treatment :

Antibiotics are given for treating meningitis caused by bacteria and not virus. Sometimes, if the condition is critical, the patient has to be hospitalized to start intravenous fluids to reduce brain inflammation. You can take Tylenol for getting over fever before going to hospital. Treating the patient at home is not advised if the condition worsens.

The patient may get seizures, irritating headache with unbearable pain, Numbness in Legs and hands and profuse vomiting and disruption of thought and memory, if the brain is affected.

In case if the respiratory tract is infected, the patient will be put on intubation. Strong medicines are to be given to set right Blood Pressure and to reduce seizures.

Pictures of Meningitis :

Images, Pics, Pictures and Photos of Meningitis

Prevention :

It is advised to give vaccination of HiB to your child in proper time. You can also add pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for immunizing your child.